Mass Effect: Andromeda's poor facial animations have been discussed all over the Web since the game became available via Origin/EA Access.

　　Some have even pointed out that previous installments somehow had better facial animations most of the time, which is baffling.

　　Interestingly, Naughty Dog's Animator Jonathan Cooper posted a long explanation on his Twitter account of how animation works in AAA games, providing a lot of insight into what might have happened with Bioware's Mass Effect: Andromeda. We've gathered it all here for easier reading.

　　Folks have been asking so here are my thoughts on Mass Effect Andromeda's animation. Hopefully people will better understand the process.

　　Animating an RPG is a really, really big undertaking - completely different from a game like Uncharted so comparisons are unfair. Every encounter in Uncharted is unique & highly controlled because we create highly-authored 'wide' linear stories with bespoke animations.

　　Conversely, RPGs offer a magnitude more volume of content and importantly, player/story choice. It's simply a quantity vs quality tradeoff. In Mass Effect 1 we had over 8 hrs of facial performance. In Horizon Zero Dawn they had around 15. Player expectations have only grown.

　　As such, designers (not animators) sequence pre-created animations together - like DJs with samples and tracks. Here is the Frostbite cinematic conversation tool circa Dragon Age Inquisition; here's the cinematic conversation tool for the Witcher 3. Both tools make it fast to assemble from a pool of animations.

　　Because time denotes not every scene is equally possible, dialogues are separated into tiered quality levels based on importance/likelihood. The lowest quality scenes may not even be touched by hand. To cover this, an algorithm is used to generate a baseline quality sequence.

　　Mass Effect 1-3 populated default body 'talking' movement, lip-sync and head movement based on the dialogue text. The Witcher 3 added to this with randomly selected body gestures that could be regenerated to get better results.

　　Andromeda seems to have lowered the quality of its base algorithm, resulting in the 'My face is tired' meme featuring nothing but lip-sync. This, presumably, was because they planned to hit every line by hand. But a 5-year dev cycle shows they underestimated this task (all this is exacerbated by us living in an era of share buttons and youtube, getting the lowest quality out to the widest audience.)

　　Were I to design a conversation system now, I'd push for a workflow based on fast and accessible face & body capture rather than algorithms. While it hasn't 100% proved this method, Horizon Zero Dawn's better scenes succeed due to a use of facial mocap.

　　The one positive to come out of all this is that AAA story-heavy games can't skimp on the animation quality with a systemic approach alone. The audience has grown more discerning, which makes our job more difficult but furthers animation quality (and animators) as a requirement.

　　If you've played the game, are you bothered by these subpar facial animations? By the way, we'll have our own Mass Effect: Andromeda review out soon - stay tuned.