When NVIDIA unveiled the GeForce RTX 4000 Series graphics cards as the big announcement of the GTC 2022 GeForce Beyond special broadcast, it was immediately clear that DLSS 3 played an important role in achieving the unprecedented generational performance jump (2x-4x) claimed by NVIDIA.

　　Almost all of the benchmarks shared by the manufacturer included the new DLSS 3 technology, and the few that didn't showed performance improvements over the GeForce RTX 3000 Series that were more in line with what we have come to expect from a new generation of graphics cards.

　　Now that the GeForce RTX 4090, the flagship GPU (at least until the inevitable Ti model) and also the first from the brand new Ada Lovelace architecture to launch, has been in reviewers' hands for a while, we've been able to verify just how much DLSS 3 supercharges performance. First things first, though, let's take a look at what's behind the hood.

　　The new GeForce RTX graphics cards are equipped with fourth-generation Tensor Cores, which include a new 8-Bit Floating Point (FP8) Tensor Engine, increasing throughput by up to 5X to an estimated 1.32 Tensor-petaFLOPS on the RTX 4090.

　　However, with DLSS 3, NVIDIA is taking one step beyond DLSS Super Resolution. There is now a new DLSS Frame Generation convolutional autoencoder that generates an entire frame on its own based on optical flow fields calculated with the Optical Flow Accelerator.

　　Optical Flow Accelerators have been available in NVIDIA GPUs since the Turing architecture. However, as previously explained by VP of Applied Deep Learning Research Bryan Catanzaro, the new graphics cards are equipped with a significantly faster and more advanced version of the OFA, which is why DLSS 3 is currently an exclusive of GeForce RTX 4000 graphics cards.

　　The generated frame sits in-between frames reconstructed with DLSS Super Resolution. As such, NVIDIA claims that in every two frames, only one-eighth of the displayed pixels were rendered normally, while the rest were reconstructed between Super Resolution and Frame Generation, delivering massive frame rate improvements.

　　To account for the increased latency caused by Frame Generation, NVIDIA has embedded its latency-lowering Reflex technology to ensure responsiveness would remain optimal.

　　Our Hassan has been able to test the GeForce RTX 4090 with all the DLSS 3 compatible games that NVIDIA shared with reviewers. He chose the Quality preset (at 4K resolution, obviously) because he felt that the new graphics card already ran most games fast enough that it wouldn't make sense to drop the base rendering resolution by lowering DLSS presets.

　　

Spiderman Remastered

Spiderman Remastered (Quality) 4K (Maxed)

4090 DLSS3

　　4090 DLSS2

　　3090 Ti DLSS2

　　4090 SMAA

　　3090 Ti TAA

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　Avg 171

　　112

　　90

　　92

　　55

　　Min 158

　　94

　　74

　　80

　　42

　　Latency 8

　　9

　　10

　　10

　　12

　　DLSS 3 Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　Native Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　

Cyberpunk 2077

First up there is CD Projekt RED's Cyberpunk 2077, the last game to use the studio's in-house Red Engine before the switch to Unreal Engine 5. Do note that the Cyberpunk 2077 build did not include the upcoming Ray Tracing Overdrive Mode, which was also announced during the GeForce Beyond broadcast. Overdrive Mode will add advanced, taxing ray traced techniques like RTX Direct Illumination, full-resolution reflections, and multiple bounce indirect lighting. NVIDIA estimates it will reduce performance by around 51 FPS at 4K with DLSS 3, though it may also be able to absorb the hit better than DLSS 2.

　　With the current game, though, DLSS 3 only improved average FPS by 16.1% and one percentile frame rate by 15.3% over DLSS 2.

　　

Cyberpunk 2077 (Quality)

4090 DLSS3

　　4090 DLSS2

　　3090 Ti DLSS2

　　4090 Native

　　3090 Ti Native

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　Avg 170

　　141

　　85

　　88

　　52

　　Min 153

　　125

　　78

　　80

　　45

　　Latency 5

　　7

　　11

　　11

　　14

　　DLSS 3 Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　Native Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　

A Plague Tale: Requiem

Next, one of the first games to be publically released with DLSS 3 support, Asobo Studio's A Plague Tale: Requiem (due next week - look forward to our review shortly). Powered by Unreal Engine 4, A Plague Tale: Requiem features updated tech that can support a much higher number of rats compared to the original game, as well as improved dynamic lighting. The final version will also include some form of ray tracing, but the tested build did not.

　　In this case, DLSS 3 provides a 29% performance increase over DLSS 2 in average FPS and a 39.1% improvement in one percentile frame rate. The boost will likely be greater once ray tracing is enabled, though.

　　

A Plague Tale Requiem (Quality)

4090 DLSS3

　　4090 DLSS2

　　3090 Ti DLSS2

　　4090 Native

　　3090 Ti Native

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　Avg 142

　　110

　　64

　　74

　　41

　　1% Low 128

　　92

　　52

　　60

　　30

　　Latency 7

　　10

　　15

　　15

　　19

　　DLSS 3 Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　Native Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　

F1 2022

Codemasters' F1 22, powered by the EGO Engine 4.0, is by far the least taxing out of all the games tested, delivering the highest frame rate even with its ray tracing option enabled.

　　As such, in this year's edition of the officially licensed Formula 1 game, DLSS 3 can only further boost average FPS by 20.5% and minimum FPS by 22.4%.

　　

F1 2022 (Quality) 4K (Maxed RT)

4090 DLSS3

　　4090 DLSS2

　　3090 Ti DLSS2

　　4090 Native

　　3090 Ti Native

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　Avg 170

　　141

　　85

　　88

　　52

　　Min 153

　　125

　　78

　　80

　　45

　　Latency 5

　　7

　　11

　　11

　　14

　　DLSS 3 Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　Native Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　

Microsoft Flight Simulator

The real power of DLSS 3 can be seen in Microsoft Flight Simulator. Whereas DLSS 2 could not improve upon CPU-bound games in any meaningful way, the key component of the new version of DLSS 3, Frame Generation, is completely independent of any CPU bottleneck.

　　As such, there is a massive 106% increase in average FPS and an even greater 115% improvement in minimum FPS over the DLSS 2 implementation.

　　

Microsoft Flight Simulator 2022 (Quality) 4K (Maxed)

4090 DLSS3

　　4090 DLSS2

　　3090 Ti DLSS2

　　4090 TAA

　　3090 Ti TAA

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　40

　　80

　　120

　　160

　　200

　　240

　　Avg 128

　　62

　　32

　　58

　　31

　　Min 112

　　52

　　24

　　50

　　22

　　Latency 9

　　19

　　30

　　20

　　33

　　DLSS 3 Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　Native Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　

Unity Enemies Demo

The last DLSS 3 test provided by NVIDIA was the gorgeous Unity Engine Enemies tech demo, originally showcased at GDC 2022. In this case, though, we could not make a direct comparison with DLSS 2 as it was not available as an option in the demo. Compared to native rendering, DLSS 3 provides a 235% average FPS uplift and a 319% boost in one percentile frame rate.

　　

Unity Engine (Enemies) Demo 4K

4090 DLSS3

　　4090 Native

　　20

　　40

　　60

　　80

　　100

　　120

　　20

　　40

　　60

　　80

　　100

　　120

　　Avg 94

　　28

　　1% Low 88

　　21

　　Latency 10

　　35

　　DLSS 3 Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　Native Screenshots (Click To Zoom In):

　　2 of 9

　　

Summary

As NVIDIA noted during its presentation of the technology, DLSS 3 can really supercharge performance during CPU-bound scenarios like Microsoft Flight Simulator as well as in the most advanced ray traced games. As such, its true potential will be unlocked with tomorrow's games.

　　When tested in titles that already run at very high frame rates, its boost compared to regular DLSS 2 is more limited (at least when using the Quality preset - I reckon the Performance and Ultra Performance preset may widen the gap). That's mostly because the RTX 4090 is a beast of its own, delivering substantial performance gains over the previous generation's top cards even when using DLSS 2 or native rendering. If you've ever wanted to play games at 4K, 144+FPS with all graphics settings turned to the max, RTX 4090 and DLSS 3 can easily deliver that.

　　As first noted in Digital Foundry's initial hands-on with the technology, the Frame Generation component can sometimes introduce artifacts. However, those are really hard to notice during regular gameplay. It's also possible that the Frame Generation algorithm will be improved over time to diminish these glitches, much like NVIDIA did with DLSS Super Resolution.

　　Last but not least, I must admit that I was most impressed by the latency measurements. During press presentations, NVIDIA engineers had kind of hinted that the lowest latency would be obtained by a combination of DLSS 2 and Reflex rather than DLSS 3 due to its Frame Generation component. However, the data shows DLSS 3 coming out on top in all cases, sometimes with a meaningful difference over DLSS 2 + Reflex. More testing will be required, but it seems like RTX 4000 Series owners may not have a reason to turn off Frame Generation.